Discuss Women's Contribution to the American Revolution and the War's Term Paper

Talk about Women's Contribution to the American Revolution and the War's Impact on Eomen - Term Paper Example In the first place, there are the individuals who helped the warriors on the war front with fundamental necessities, for example, water and food , which was basic as it guaranteed that the fighters were all around dealt with in this manner empowering them to focus on their military obligations. These ladies were referred to as camp adherents as they lived in military camps and moved nearby the troopers at whatever point there was have to move camps. Greater part of these ladies were generally soldiers’ spouses and little girls. Aside from arrangement of water and food on the bleeding edge, these ladies additionally directed other local tasks, for example, cleaning the camps, repairing torn garments, washing military garbs among different various exercises, for example, dealing with kids without their spouses. They were not enrolled in the military and along these lines, they were not required to deal with firearms or take part in fights with the adversary (Micklos 18). Be that as it may, there are ladies, who are profoundly perceived for their dauntlessness and negligence for the standard. These included for instance; Margaret Corbin, who is likewise alluded to as Captain Molly. Margaret stood apart as a lady of solid character and a bold one in that capacity, particularly because of her exceptional presentation in the fight. She was the spouse of an American officer, John Corbin, whom she was battling close by on the portentous day of 16 November 1776. On this day, John, Margaret and around 600 other American troopers were assaulted by a contingent of British upheld fighters, in Fort Washington, which contained in excess of 3000 men (Micklos 28). Margaret, was a prepared matross, much the same as her better half, and it is because of this that she was profoundly regarded by John’s friends. As the battling was going on, John got harmed prompting his transitory crippling. On observing this, Margaret, rather than withdrawing, chose to take john†™s position and kept on terminating at the threatening warriors yet she in the end got harmed all the while. Despite the fact that the British troopers won the fight toward the finish of that day, prompting her catch and that of her comrades, Margaret keeps on being recalled by the general public as a genuine warrior. To be sure, she is recognized as the primary lady in the US history to get benefits for her dynamic job in the transformation (Ellet 25). Mary Ludwig Hays, otherwise called Molly Pitcher, is additionally another lady, who is perceived for her courageous deeds in the progressive war. Mary was likewise hitched to an officer, William Hays, who served in the mainland armed force during the war. Much the same as Margaret Corbin, Mary’s principle jobs were to flexibly the military with water close by other residential duties however on June 28, 1778, she opposed the chances by drawing in the foe legitimately utilizing her husband’s standard (Ellet 51). On tha t game changing day, she was originating from the spring, where she sourced her water, and after approaching where her significant other was situated, she endured the inconsiderate stun of seeing him get shot after which he fallen on the ground. Absent a lot of wastage of time, Mary supported towards where her significant other was and assumed control over his position, which was to stack the groups. Different writings show that she missed passing by a bristle when a gadget detonated between her legs destroying her dress after which she shouted, â€Å"

Common App Essay Samples

Common App Essay SamplesWhen I was studying for my AP Calculus course, I found myself looking at many different Common App Essay samples. To say that I found a lot of them to be difficult would be an understatement. I was used to dealing with difficult materials when I first got into college, and I wanted to be sure that I was well prepared.It was surprising how many students are struggling with Common App essay topics and what surprised me even more was that a lot of students did not understand the material either. While I thought this would be the case, I also knew that I would have to teach them the material, and be very careful in teaching them the material in the class. Of course, as we progressed through the course, I began to realize that students were struggling, and it was up to me to help them.The purpose of this article is to provide you with some Common App essay samples to help you with your own lessons. First, let's look at some common topics you will be tackling. These Common App Essay topics are very popular, and they are an important part of your course. Students are required to write these essays and give their personal thoughts on certain issues, so it is important that you can deliver your lecture to them effectively.One of the most popular subjects for Common App essay topics is about sexual harassment. As students see themselves interacting with others, they will need to be able to relate the incidents that occurred to them in class with the incidents that occurred in real life. By incorporating the feelings into the essay, you will be able to connect the two, so that they become one. Your students will feel that the incidents in the classroom were just as bad as the events in real life.The next Common App essay samples are on patriotism. This is an important part of the class, and students love to talk about their American culture and what it means to them. You can include this in your discussion, or you can make a statement from the cons titution that may impact the way the discussion evolves.Finally, I wanted to show you some Common App essay samples on political discourse. Remember that students are writing these essays to give their personal thoughts about political and social issues. You must be able to help them understand the best way to be persuasive in your classroom.This is a huge part of political discourse and using students to discuss and debate issues and you should ensure that you learn how to use students to promote your political agenda. This is a skill that you should hone and master. If you find that you do not know how to use students effectively, the best way to go about this is to read and review a number of textbooks on the subject, and practice what you learn.I hope that you can gain some insight from the Common App essay samples I've provided you with. There are many other topics that you can use, but make sure that you do your research. Then you will be well on your way to teaching your stud ents the material in your Common App class.

Factors Making Small Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters Essay Example for Free

Elements Making Small Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters Essay There is no single definition or clarification of a fiasco, indeed in this cutting edge period of science and innovation one could foresee the time and spot and gauge the harm when a debacle would hit a specific region anyway just a gauge could be made about the result of the repulsive occasion still all the calamities couldn't be estimated. This forecast additionally has distinction in supposition with regards to decipher the fiasco; business analysts may gauge it by ascertaining the loss of benefits, wellbeing laborers may discuss maladies that may spread after the occasion, political view may be setting establishments to manage the occasion and social view may include the consequences for the general public. Pakistan has been in danger to numerous regular and synthetic catastrophes before. History states different occasions when violent winds, flooding, dry season, avalanches and earth shakes have hit the nation. The nation is additionally accepted to be one of the most flood inclined landscapes in South Asia. The surges of 1950, 1992 and 1998 and 2011 have taken different lives and made extreme harm to property and resources. Pakistan is likewise situated at seismically dynamic zone making the region helpless against extraordinary outcomes. This weakness was demonstrated on October 2005 when a seismic tremor estimating 7. 6 on the minister scale had hit 9 locale in Kheyber Pakhtunkhuwa and Azad Jammu Kashmir slaughtering more than 72,000 individuals and decimating more than 4,00,000 houses. Pakistan being an agribusiness based nation likewise has dread of dry spells. The dry seasons of 2002 had cost an expected measure of 2. 5 billion $. Pakistan doesn't have a great deal of announced typhoon hit episodes to detail yet till now around fourteen violent winds have been recorded since 1971-2012 which additionally had harms in a remarkable sum. At the point when a debacle strikes some zone it doesn't extra any in its manner yet the most inclined and affected individuals are the ones who have a place with little networks. Their isolation and rejection in to little networks may be because of the bogus and all encompassing frameworks present in our groups of friends bases on ethnic, strict or class based qualities in the present society. Further on these isolated portions are set apart as poor or minorities. Anyway these little networks are most defenseless when a catastrophe strikes. The degree of their helplessness increments in the post fiasco situation. There are numerous variables behind the helplessness which have horrendous results for these little networks subsequently. I might want to examine on a couple of elements which in my view point are the significant factors and reasons for the expanded defenselessness of these little networks. Neediness is one of the most essential causes which brings about expanded degree of weakness of little networks. Their absence of access to assets prompts the absence of limit in managing a fiasco. A gauge made in 2005 states that around 22. 6% of the all out populace lives under the destitution line in the nation, further on 40% of the all out urban populace lives in ghettos. The financial circumstance in the nation isn't truly steady and because of this swelling is across the board in the nation prompting salary instability. In conditions where neediness is available in the general public at such a high scale, it gets hard to get by, battling against a fiasco is an inquiry that doesn't comes in to the specific circumstance. Poor development rehearses additionally bring about the expansion in the defenselessness of the little networks. Because of destitution still in numerous towns individuals construct their homes out of mud. This is certainly not a solid structure. At the hour of a deplorable occasion such structures can demonstrate not to be safe. Thus in urban zones as referenced over countless individuals live in ghettos which are again not an extremely versatile structure if there should be an occurrence of catastrophes. There are no appropriate code and directs contrived by the administration specialists to handle with this issue. Such conditions increment the defenselessness of the little gatherings present in Pakistan. Frail early admonition framework is an issue present in many creating nations. Pakistan being a creating nation additionally has this issue where because of the absence of assets and innovation numerous catastrophes can't be anticipated on schedule. Because of this it gets hard to evaluate the harm level and the power of the catastrophe already. It likewise gets hard to make an alleviation arrangement or moderation systems to limit the impacts of the debacle. Remoteness and seclusion is another factor which is brought about by the social and social boundaries because of which greater part of the little networks are affected as they are isolated and disengaged from the general public. Remoteness can be taken in to two unique methods one is the social prohibition factor the other can be the idea of their occupant zone which may geologically be landlocked essentially. In either ways their seclusion can be a factor that can lead little networks in to an increasingly powerless circumstance. Framework can likewise assume a job in expanding the powerlessness of little networks. In the event that we take the zone of Southern Punjab as in model the zone comprises of the provincial side of the nation and farming is their primary wellspring of business, the spot likewise has a background marked by floods related catastrophes before. Because of absence of appropriate streets and so on it may get difficult for individuals to empty regardless of whether the fiasco as been anticipated in advance. The individuals from solid networks have methods for transportation by which they can get to wellbeing easily then again poor people and little networks don’t get an opportunity to empty from the threat zone. Mindfulness projects and training about techniques to counter debacles is a marvel which is absent in the present society. The surges of 2012 could be held in account as proof of this obtaining the same number of the country poor were dislodged as lion's share of their benefits were annihilated and numerous lives lost. In the event that individuals were given appropriate instruction about systems to manage the fiasco as it was a territory with high hazard the measure of misfortune may have been decreased. Absence of network support is additionally a significant factor as because of avoidance, groups are created in the general public because of boundaries they don't will in general interface with the more fragile portions of the general public. Their absence of correspondence and investment makes a separation and because of which the powerlessness is expanded in the littler networks at the hour of emergency. Constrained limit and coordination between different administrative and nongovernmental organizations. This may happen because of the small methods for obstruction accessible or fumble in the interest of the organizations. Debasement likewise has a task to carry out in this circumstance where the privileges of the little networks are usurped by the bigger or more force full groups of the general public. This debasement could offer ascent to doubt between the state and non state on-screen characters attempting to battle against the fiasco. As they don’t join in this way their capacity is additionally reduced. Strict/Ethnic predispositions can likewise prompt fiascos as little minorities are in question. Because of squabbles and different methods for brutality risk to their benefits and lives builds their weakness. Additionally in common clashes the little and less incredible networks are the ones which are at the high hazard level because of their receptiveness to threat. Fast Urbanization as social orders become increasingly more present step by step the procedure of urbanization likewise increments. Looking for coming to a modern culture as it carries an ever increasing number of recourses to build the level and personal satisfaction it additionally brings along some contrary perspectives out of which avarice is generally conspicuous. Today man has become so covetous that it couldn't care less that what impacts his journey to progress may have on others. Quick Industrialization is likewise having its negative impacts on the earth which will in the long run lead to serious outcomes as a worldwide temperature alteration. Simultaneously fast urbanization implies the annihilation of woodlands and other normal assets. As greater part of the little networks can't stand to live at the center consequently the are pushed to the external hover of the zone where there may be a non accessibility of essential necessities of lives prompting different pestilences for instance because of absence of sanitation offices or making them live in to calamity inclined territories because of deforestation prompting earth tremors, avalanches and floods. To close I would express that the previously mentioned factors are some of numerous which develop in our social framework. What so ever is the reason for the debacle occasion it is possible that it is artificial, characteristic in nature it is the little networks which are influenced the most. Social, political, furnished clashes, risks all in all out increment the helplessness of little networks. Steps are to be considered to annihilate this in equity from our general public as this may prompt social turmoil or may have much increasingly strange results on the network all in all.

Making Connections that Matter in Your MBA Essays

Outstanding MBA application essays have several things in common. One of the most important among them is successfully making connections between your past and your present, and between your present and your future. The decision makers will want to see you make persuasive connections between your interests and your activities, and between your passions and your commitments. For example, if you claim that you are excited about working in green tech, be prepared to show that you have involved yourself in some way in the field. If you haven’t actually worked in green tech, what other actions have you taken to prove your interest? Have you become involved in an organization that promotes it? Can you talk about books you have read on the subject? You can’t just talk the talk. You have to walk the walk. If you cannot connect the dots of your life, your readers will wonder: Do you really know what your goals are, either for obtaining an MBA or for your career beyond? When in doubt, the easiest step for a harried adcom member deluged with between five and ten applications for every seat in a class is to deny In addition to making these connections, you will also want to keep two words in mind when you write your essays: balance and values. Don’t write exclusively about career-based experiences, whether accomplishments or setbacks. Write about community involvement, hobbies, playing competitive water polo, performing with a band or in a dance troupe, or the time you trekked alone through six countries in Asia. Toss some personal experiences into the mix. As a guideline, I recommend using a 2:1 ratio of professional to personal experiences, but you will always have to use your own good judgment as to the sources of your strongest material. As you develop your list of potential topics, also ask yourself these questions: †¢Ã‚  Do these experiences complement one another? †¢Ã‚  Do they show different facets of my personality, strengths and involvements? †¢Ã‚  Do I show self-reflection, lessons learned, personal growth? Answering these questions will also help you achieve a balance of material that will create a full-bodied profile. Each school also promotes its own set of values through their curriculum and programs. These values reflect the school’s philosophy and are stated plainly on their websites. For example, Harvard’s website devotes substantial paragraphs (on the Who Are We Looking For? page) to each of their three key criteria in applicants: â€Å"Habit of Leadership;† â€Å"Analytical Aptitude and Appetite; Capacity for Intellectual Growth,† and â€Å"Engaged Community Citizenship.† The University of Texas McCombs School of Business asserts that their full-time MBA program is built on four pillars: â€Å"Knowledge and Understanding; Responsibility and Integrity; Communication and Collaboration; and A Worldview of Business and Society.† Notice the different emphases in just these two schools. Take care to know the stated values of the schools where you are applying. When choosing what to write about, try to include experiences that reflect and resonate with each school’s values. Writing with sensitivity about a school’s values does not mean writing what you think the adcoms want to hear. Believe me, readers in the admissions office can sniff out disingenuousness from the far side of the campus. Only write what is true and real, without exaggeration. Add insights and analysis In MBA application essays, the â€Å"why† is usually more important than the â€Å"what.† This brings us back to the importance of making connections. Great essays are not simply a list of interconnected anecdotes and experiences, even if each of them individually may have some interest. Whether writing about career goals, achievements, personal influences or even your love of Salsa dancing, it is not enough to write solely about what happened. Without insight and analysis, your essays will appear superficial, so make sure to give events and decisions context by evaluating why things happened the way they did, explaining what factors led to the decisions you made, and providing lessons learned. Adding even a sentence or two of analysis and reflection about events in your life will demonstrate maturity, intellect, emotional intelligence, and self-awareness – all valued qualities in MBA applicants. MBA essays of distinction clearly show that you have drawn a path between where you have been and where you want to go. They demonstrate a proven interest and experience in your stated field, as well as an understanding of the school’s values. They include insights showing that you have learned from your experiences. And of course, the writing is crisp, specific, and includes colorful anecdotes that will keep your readers’ attention. This article is an excerpt from the book, MBA Admission for Smarties: The No-Nonsense Guide to Acceptance at Top Business Schools, by Linda Abraham and Judy Gruen.  Ã‚   For personalized advice on how to create a winning MBA application essay, check out our MBA admissions consulting and editing services and work one-on-one with a pro who will help you discover your competitive advantage and use it to get accepted. hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'c972a78a-33b9-4a26-a54d-393ab0e96b7b', {}); For 25 years, Accepted has helped business school applicants gain acceptance to top programs. Our outstanding team of MBA admissions consultants features former business school admissions directors and professional writers who have guided our clients to admission at top MBA, EMBA, and other graduate business programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth, INSEAD, London Business School, and many more.  Want an MBA admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ MBA Applicants: Make Your Work Experience Work for You, a free guide †¢ Leadership in Admissions, a free guide †¢ 7 Signs An Experience Belongs In Your Application

About the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Created under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) functions as a regulatory agency under the U.S. Department of Transportation with a primary mission of ensuring the safety of civil aviation. Civil aviation includes all non-military, private and commercial aviation activities, including aerospace activities. The FAA also works closely with the U.S. military to ensure the safe operation of military aircraft in public airspace across the nation. Primary Responsibilities of the FAA Include: Regulating civil aviation to promote safety within the U.S. and abroad. The FAA exchanges information with foreign aviation authorities; certifies foreign aviation repair shops, air crews, and mechanics; provides technical aid and training; negotiates bilateral airworthiness agreements with other countries; and takes part in international conferences.Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology.Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft.Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics.Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation,Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation. The FAA licenses commercial space launch facilities and private launches of space payloads on expendable launch vehicles. Investigation of aviation incidents, accidents and disasters is conducted by the National Transportation Safety Board, an independent government agency. Organization of the FAAAn administrator manages FAA, assisted by a Deputy Administrator. Five Associate Administrators report to the Administrator and direct the line-of-business organizations that carry out the agencys principle functions. The Chief Counsel and nine Assistant Administrators also report to the Administrator. The Assistant Administrators oversee other key programs such as Human Resources, Budget, and System Safety. We also have nine geographical regions and two major centers, the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center and the William J. Hughes Technical Center. FAA History What would become the FAA was born in 1926 with passage of the Air Commerce Act. The law established the framework of the modern FAA by directing the Cabinet-level Department of Commerce with promoting commercial aviation, issuing and enforcing air traffic rules, licensing pilots, certifying aircraft, establishing airways, and operating and maintaining systems to help pilots navigate the skies. The Commerce Department’s new Aeronautics Branch took off, overseeing U.S. aviation for the next eight years. In 1934, the former Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce. In one of its first acts the Bureau worked with a group of airlines to set up the nation’s first air traffic control centers in Newark, New Jersey, Cleveland, Ohio, and Chicago, Illinois. In 1936, the Bureau assumed control of the three centers, thus establishing the concept of federal control over air traffic control operations at major airports. Focus Shifts to Safety In 1938, after a series of high-profile fatal accidents, the federal emphasis shifted to aviation safety with passage of the Civil Aeronautics Act. The law created the politically-independent Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA), with a three-member Air Safety Board. As a forerunner of today’s National Transportation Safety Board, the Air Safety Board began investigating accidents and recommending how they could be prevented. As a pre-World War II defense measure, the CAA assumed control over air traffic control systems at all airports, including towers at small airports. In the post-war years, the federal government assumed responsibility for air traffic control systems at most airports. On June 30, 1956, a Trans World Airlines Super Constellation and a United Air Lines DC-7 collided over the Grand Canyon killing all 128 people on the two planes. The crash happened on a sunny day with no other air traffic in the area. The disaster, along with the growing use of jet airliners capable of speeds nearing 500 miles per hour, drove a demand for a more unified federal effort to ensure the safety of the flying public. Birth of the FAA On August 23, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Federal Aviation Act, which transferred the old Civil Aeronautics Authoritys functions to a new independent, regulatory Federal Aviation Agency responsible for ensuring the safety of all aspects of non-military aviation. On December 31, 1958, the Federal Aviation Agency began operations with retired Air Force General Elwood Pete Quesada serving as its first administrator. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson, believing a single coordinated system for federal regulation of all modes of land, sea and air transportation was needed, directed Congress to create the cabinet-level Department of Transportation (DOT). On April 1, 1967, the DOT began full operation and immediately changed the name of the old Federal Aviation Agency to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). On the same day, the accident investigation function of the old Air Safety Board was transferred to the new National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).

What Do Theories of Face Perception Tell Us About Object...

What do theories of face perception tell us about object perception in general? Introduction Face perception is the process by which the brain and mind understand and interpret the human face. The cognitive and neural processes in face recognition differ greatly from those observed for object recognition. Both objects and faces are generally considered to be â€Å"viewpoint-dependent† meaning that performance in recognition is better when viewed from a familiar viewpoint. However when considering Biederman’s (1987) recognition-by-components theory he found that objects can be recognised equally as easily from all viewpoints. This is due to his belief that objects are recognised from the individual basic shapes that make the whole object;†¦show more content†¦(Similar to effects noted in patients with Agnosia, to be further discussed.) However Tarr and Bà ¼lthoff (1995) found that when giving participants’ novel objects to recognise and extensive practice at viewing the objects from a specified viewpoint that performance in object recognition wa s better from familiar viewpoints than unfamiliar ones, which does not support Biedermans viewpoint invariant theory. This result demonstrates viewpoint dependent where by object recognition is slower and less accurate when viewed from different perspectives, this can be compared to the importance of the inversion effect in face recognition where by faces are less accurately recognised when viewed upside down. This also requires us to identify the importance of expertise for both object recognition and face recognition. Yin (1969) stated that individuals have a greater expertise at individuating faces. The expertise hypothesis proposes that â€Å"special† visual processing for faces is due to humans having expertise at individuating faces. Evidently humans are surrounded by faces from an early age and there is some evidence suggesting that from birth, babies have a mechanism which facilitates holistic processing of faces faster and more accurately (Nelson, 2001). So, just as recognition of snakes and dangerous animals is innately hard-wired to generate a fear response, the same hard-wired responses to faces may also be innate in order toShow MoreRelatedTransparent Pictures By Kendall Walton1444 Words   |  6 Pageswhich most of us would agree on. He states that photographs are more realistic and therefore better at representing fact than paintings and drawings could hope to do. Wa lton also states that because of this realism we can see the past through the photographs in our hands. I can agree with him on his first claim but I have to disagree with him on his second claim. Photographs are realistic because of the details they can capture. 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Strategic Analysis fo Rogers Chocolates free essay sample

Mr. Steve Parkhill, president of Rogers’ Chocolate, has been faced with the challenge to double or triple the size of the company within 10 years. Ideas for growth have already been presented by the board, and these include franchising, online business, corporate gift market, and focusing on the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was suggested to focus its efforts outside of British Columbia, but there is no guarantee that they would have the same success elsewhere. The three alternatives that have been presented include developing growth strategies focused on (1) sales, (2) structure, and (3) e-commerce. Upon evaluating each of these alternatives, the one that has been presented to Mr. Parkhill is to develop a growth strategy focused on e-commerce. E-commerce is increasing in popularity each day. Most businesses have an online shopping component which is always convenient. By offering shipping in Canada and the United States, Rogers’ could reach a whole new market. INTRODUCTION In March of 2007, Mr. Steve Parkhill had just started his new job as president of Rogers’ Chocolate. He spent two months training with the former president, and is now considering his options for growing the company. The following outlines the problem he is facing, some company background information, alternatives, recommendation, and a brief plan for implementation. PROBLEM The issue that the president of Rogers’ Chocolates (Rogers’), Mr. Steve Parkhill, is facing is how to double or triple the size of the company within 10 years, at the request of the board of directors. Each of the board members and members of the management team had a different idea of what Rogers’ needed to do to achieve such growth. Mr. Parkhill needs to develop a strategy that would fit with the company’s culture, and then gain the support of the board, the management team, and the employees. BACKGROUND Rogers’ Chocolate was founded by Charles Rogers in 1885 in Victoria, British Columbia. It was Canada’s oldest chocolate company, and British Columbia’s second oldest company. For the past two decades, the company has been owned by a private group comprised mainly of two financial executives and partners with Connor, Clark Lunn, a Vancouver-based investment firm; an art dealer and private investor; and a former owner of Pacific Coach Lines, a Victoria-based bus company. These four and a past president of Rogers’ made up the board of directors. During these twenty years, the company had grown sales by more than 900 percent. ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS There are several alternatives that are available to Mr. Parkhill to assist in increasing the size of the company. In his first few months on the job, Mr. Parkhill had been seeking the opinions of managers and board members on various growth options. Ideas that had already been discussed, though not necessarily fully researched, included franchising, online business, the corporate gift market, and focusing its efforts outside of British Columbia. Develop a growth strategy that focuses on sales There are four way to increase sales: market concentration, innovation, penetration, and diversification. The following outlines each of these areas. Market Concentration In terms of market concentration, each business has possible customers that it has not yet reached, customers that also purchase from other businesses, and customers it has lost. This leads to great potential in discovering ways to increase sales in existing markets. To get customers to purchase more, there are three ways to do so: (1) more frequent use, (2) larger quantities, and (3) new uses. When it comes to more frequent use, the organization shall produce the feeling of becoming a habit. By changing displays or special offers frequently, offering novelties or events, or even advertising the benefits of regular use, customers may be drawn in. Also, Rogers’ could offer a frequent-buyer program, and/or improve convenience. Such things as longer hours, faster preparation, greater availability, and easy payment options could easily attract the market they’ve been missing. Some consumers prefer purchasing products in bulk. It may be for a party, an office meeting, or to save time. Whatever the reason, Rogers’ could offer incentives for bulk purchases or combination buys. They could also encourage stockpiling, which would present packages in larger-than-needed quantities, or perhaps increase the size of servings. There may not be many â€Å"new† uses for chocolate, but there are a variety of ideas. Personal consumption, gifting, prizes, etc. are all ways to use the Rogers’ Chocolates product line. Innovation By actively listening to what customers, employees, and suppliers say, Rogers’ can find ideas for new products, features, or related services. There are several tactics for introducing new products with existing markets, which may be of interest to Mr. Parkhill. The first of these would be introducing replacement products. Simple changes such as the (1) appearance (new colors, packaging, or styling) can revamp a tired product line, (2) message can emphasize econconsciousness or multiculturalism, and (3) technology, which could mean introducing ecommerce, or offer organic ingredients. Some additional features Rogers’ could incorporate would include optional extras, customization, or highlighting special occasions. The option to include complementary items is also available, as well as introducing new items altogether. To do this, Rogers’ would need to extend its brand and capitalize on goodwill, or cross-sell, where they would offer a wider variety of services either supplied by the company under a license from others, or supplied by others who would pay a commission to them. Penetration If Rogers’ has flooded the local market already, the most obvious thing to do to increase sales is to reach out to new buyers. The risk associated with this is that you move before you are profitable in your first market and cannot financially withstand the learning curve a company will face with new customers, or the new competition. It is important to note the ways of penetrating new markets. The first would be segmentation, where Rogers’ would use market research to find new segments that could use their product, or they could re-focus their current segment, and find new uses or applications to capture new customers. Secondly, Rogers’ could focus on geographic outreach, where they could advertise or go for catalogue sales. This would then tie in with developing more locations; open new stores, warehouses or factories, but centralize head office functions at the â€Å"old† location. Rogers’ could also utilize temporary locations, such as kiosks. Diversification Diversification is considered to be the most radical and risky of sales growth strategies, especially for smaller business. It requires new capital investment, new product development, and a new business plan. If it levels out seasonal or cyclical ups and down, it is attractive, and may provide some relief from having all of a company’s attention focused on one point. Rogers’ is not a seasonal operation, but it has its’ peak sales at certain times of the year (i. e. : Christmas, Easter). Finding ideas for the  off-season does not directly apply to Rogers’. Develop a growth strategy that focuses on structure Rather than adding or altering products or entering new markets, structural strategies aim to increase sales by changing the way you do business, specifically by developing relationships with other businesses. This is done through franchising, licensing, and strateg ic alliance. Franchising Franchising sells the right to copy your business in another location, so rather than hiring new employees and opening new outlets, Rogers’ could take on other businesses to reproduce their operation under its’ guidance. The idea of franchising had already been discussed, but not researched. The board was concerned about relinquishing control of the brand and pricing, so this is not a viable option. Licensing Licensing sells the right to manufacture or distribute a product or service or use a technology or trademark. This is a great way to expand without capital investment. As the licensor, Rogers’ would build their business through royalties or commissions while the licensees would grow through product line extension. It is important to consider uniqueness, potential, and adaptability when taking this route. Strategic Alliance A strategic alliance establishes a network or interrelated businesses, with each one performing a separate function. Rogers’ would focus on the core of their business, and expand that aspect while outsourcing other aspects. This would grow the market share and the business, but not necessarily the size. Types of strategic alliances include partnerships, joint ventures, outsourcing, and virtual organizations, and it is important to keep network presence, common goals, and structure in mind. Develop a growth strategy that focuses on e-commerce Technology is a strategic tool for growth, and e-commerce is no exception. While ecommerce has generally produced only marginal revenue gains for existing businesses, it is still very valuable as a virtual display window, shopping source, collaborative site, service depot, transaction centre, and customer gateway to your business. Success with e-commerce greatly depends on obtaining expert technical assistance, and not straying from strategic goals that caused the company to introduce it in the first place. Some strategic goals that e-commerce can assist you in accomplishing are improving efficiency in systems, promoting innovation, creating information systems to improve bottom lines, extending marketing reach and range, and integrating Web presence with your business plan. Once Rogers’ has identified its strategic goals, the next step is to evaluate the kinds of ecommerce activities that can help accomplish their objectives. Typical components of B2B and B2C e-commerce strategies include goods/services trading, online catalogues, sales promotion/advertising, and transaction processing. Most small businesses focus on product promotion through online catalogues, transaction processing, and customer support. Online shopping is becoming an everyday activity for individuals worldwide. By offering products through an online shop, customers have access to the same products, even if there is no physical Rogers’ location in their area. Also, by adding a Web component, Rogers’ would need an IT team, which would increase the employee portion of the company as well. RECOMMENDATION Upon completing a thorough analysis of Rogers’ Chocolates, the recommendation presented to Mr. Parkhill will be to develop a growth strategy that focuses on e-commerce. With online shopping becoming more popular, as well as its convenience, it is guaranteed to increase overall sales, broaden the customer base, and attract a completely new market. We live in a world where online shopping has become a staple, and it is something that customers actually look for now. IMPLEMENTATION In order to get an online shopping component off the ground for Rogers’, Mr. Parkhill would first need to get the board members and management team on board with the idea. Then they would need to develop an IT team. There may be some restructuring involved, and deciding which products to offer online, etc. , but in the long run, it would certainly be worth it. If Rogers’ does not keep up with the modern world, there is a chance that they would be missing out on a great opportunity, and a whole new market they would have never reached otherwise. An online store has the convenience of opening new locations, but without the cost of up keeping them. Also, there is less risk involved. Just because Rogers’ is successful in British Columbia does not mean they would have the same success with a physical location elsewhere. CONCLUSION Upon researching Rogers’ Chocolate, it seems that they have added an online shopping feature to its website. They offer gift baskets, party and wedding favours, truffles, etc. and offer shipping across Canada and the United States. Their mission statement says: Rogers’ Chocolates is committed to producing and marketing fine products which reflect and maintain our reputation of quality and excellence established for over a century. All aspects of our business will be conducted with honesty and integrity, upholding our proud Canadian tradition. After more than 100 years together, Rogers’ is still in business, and doing better than ever.